“Mohr”, “Perchloric” and “Reineckate” cannot catch a crook

The problem is that we cannot uncover these undersynthesized products through the simple indirect analysis methods commonly used. By using Mohr method and Perchloric method that determine choline contents through analysis of chloride in a sample, unreacted TMA-HCl, salt (NaCl) or any compounds containing chloride are often misidentified as choline chloride.  Another choline analytical method, Reineckate method, determines amine contents of choline chloride in like manner so that any compounds such as TMA or TMA-HCl containing amine will also be identified as choline chloride with this method.

Mohr/Perchloric method: Originally these methods have advantages of promptitude and convenience in detecting chloride. Therefore, other compounds such as NaCl, KCl, and TMA-HCl in a sample will be uncovered as choline chloride.

Reineckate method: Since choline is a compound that contains an amine, Reineckate method is quick and convenient for finding an amine and choline chloride as well. On the other hand, this method will misread other amine compounds such as free TMA, TMA-HCl, urea, etc. as choline chloride.

All in all, the simple indirect analytical methods such as Mohr/Perchloric method and Reineckate method cannot uncover these undersynthesized products.  Therefore, the newest choline chloride analytical technologies such as HPLC, Ion Chromatography, and Enzyme Analyzer must be used and analyzed in order for the exact contents of choline chloride and its quality control.

Try to check with “HPLC”, “Ion Chromatography” and “Enzyme Analyzer” for accurate analysis of Choline Chloride.

For accurate determination of choline chloride, newly modernized methods like enzyme method, HPLC method and Ion Chromatography method are widely used.

Enzyme method

Enzyme method provides immediate and accurate analysis that measures and changes hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂), created after using choline oxidase that selectively dissolves only choline, into electrical current value.  It has high accuracy and is able to measure choline contents in a sample quickly. The content of choline is determined by detection of reactive products.

HPLC method

HPLC method has high sensitivity, and it is easy to be automated and quantified accurately. Also it achieves a higher degree of resolution, that is, the separation of nonvolatile chemical constituent or thermolabile material is more complete. This method compares the Refractive Index (RI) of standard solutions of graded levels of choline with the sample.

Ion Chromatography method

Ion Chromatography is a method utilizing the ionizing characteristics of choline. This method can measure the exact amount of choline chloride using ionic interactions between the positive ions and negative ions. Also it can  detect non-reactive ingredients such as TMA and TMA-HCl and can be used as a test for quality of choline chloride products. In case toxic and non-reactive TMA and TMA-HCl are present in abundance, this method is able to measure the exact amount of TMA and TMA-HCl, a harmful material most deadly to animals.